women and domestic violence

BY ALBERT AKPOR
LAGOS- The Police in Lagos are presently investigating the dastard murder of a Lagos business man, Mr. Kazeem Ademoye in his home in Magodo Phase 2, Lagos.

Sources said the Information Technology (IT) mogul and Chairman of Kavex Computers & Communication Ltd Ikeja was found dead in his bedroom in the pool of his blood on Friday by a neighbour who was called in by the younger brother to the deceased person.

But sources said the visitor was later taken aback after the wife, Mrs Ngozi Ademoye was discovered not to be showing any sign of grief. Sources hinted further that when she was asked the cause of her husband’s, she simply claimed that he died of heart attack adding that he, (the deceased) had been managing high blood pressure for a long time now.

However, the deceased’s first son, Tunde Ademoye, 15, explained that he was woken up from sleep at about 4.00am that fateful day by a loud noise and when he rushed out to see what was amiss, he found her mum downstairs watching television.

Tunde was quoted as saying that when he confronted his mother on what the matter was, “she told me that my dad is dead and that I have to cooperate with her and be strong like a man and take things easy. Now that he is dead, we have to move on and live a good life.”

Vanguard was told by one Chief Paul Olusegun Da Costa, a neighbour and close friend to the deceased who suspected foul play and invited the police who took Mrs. Ngozi Ademoye away for questioning. But at the station, a first cousin to the deceased, Mr. Adesegun Hakeen Agbaye who arrived the country from the US having inspected the corpse , discovered that he had deep cuts on the skull and neck.

Apparently dissatisfied that his cousin died of heart failure, he confronted the woman who again changed her earlier claim of heart attack to say that her husband was a cultist. She said that she woke up that morning to meet him in red apparel chanting incantations and she grabbed a bottle of holy water and splashed some on him.

She reportedly said it was the water that lifted him up and slammed him on the floor; hence the cuts on his skull and neck. Meanwhile family members and neighbours of the multimillionaire are asking why his death was kept away from them 24 hours after.

They are also shocked at the nonchalance of the deceased’s wife to sympathizers who visited to condole with her. Family sources said after Kazeem was murdered, the wife called the husband’s office manager and collected an undisclosed huge sums of money from him, after telling him that her husband had relocated to Ghana and needed the money for urgent business.

Sources further revealed that she even asked all staff to resign on the ground that the company was fully relocating to Ghana.

Mrs Ngozi Ademoye is still being detained at the estate police station and may soon be transferred to the homicide unit of the SCID Panti, for further investigation

Wednesday, 21 September 2011 09:21 | Author: TransparencyNG |
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EMOTIONS ran high, yesterday, at the Isheri Divisional headquarters, Lagos, after the prime suspect in the gruesome murder, Thursday, of a Lagos based socialite and business man, Mr. Kazeem Ademoye, admitted before the police and family members that she actually hacked her husband of 13 years to death.
Mrs Ngozi Ademoye, a native of an unnamed village in Asaba, Delta State, was married to Kazeem Ademoye 13 years ago and the relationship was blessed with two girls. But she was arrested Saturday morning after her 15 year old son, Tunde Ademoye, who had before now, known the deceased to be his biological father gave a contrary version of the cause of death.
Mr. Kazeem Ademoye was reportedly murdered on Friday at about 4.00am by his wife but had earlier told sympathizers who thronged the 11, Ahirim Onuha Close, Magodo, that her husband died of heart attack. In another breath, she was said to have told other close friends and neighbours of her late husband that he was a cultist and that she woke up that fateful day to behold her husband in red robe and a tortoise dangling menacingly around his neck following which she ran to her room, grabbed a bottle of holy water and sprinkled some on him.
She reportedly added that it was the holy water that lifted and slammed him on the floor; causing his death. But at the police station, she reportedly confessed that her husband severely beat her up that early morning and in anger, she reached for a sharp cudgel and hit him hard twice on the head. However, the police and family members are yet to be convinced that the woman killed her husband all alone. They are questioning who helped her to clean up the blood and lift him from the floor to the bed.
The family spokesperson, Mr. Adesegun Agbaye Hakeem, first cousin to the deceased said there was more to what his late cousin’s widow said. He noted: “She has confessed before the Police and me that she killed my brother out of anger. She has even taken them to the penthouse where she hid the weapon she used in killing him. In Yoruba, there is nothing like cousin, I call Kazeem my younger brother because my mother was born after his dad; so I have always referred to him as my brother.
In spite of her admission, I want the police to dig deep into the many questions surrounding her dastardly action. This is because, I am not satisfied that she killed him all alone and the mere reason that my brother beat her up that fateful day. No. I arrived Nigeria that Thursday and the first person I spoke with was my brother with a promise to see him the following day.
But I was shocked when his immediate younger brother, Kunle, called to tell me that Kazeem was dead and that the wife told him (Kunle) that he died of heart attack. I rushed there and met this same woman unruffled, seated and watching television.
I called her and said, since I heard the news, I have not been able to sleep, why is it that you who lived with him for 13 years are so seated as if nothing had happened. But all the same, I kept my calm.
“Already she had started telling neigbours that now that her husband was dead, the culture in Yoruba land is that his relations will soon start coming to claim his property; so eventually when I came in and asked that I wanted the key to his room, I was challenged by a neighbour who was with her to forget the idea of going into his room. But the said neighbour later saw reasons with me when I explained that all I wanted was to see the scene where my brother died. Before the police came in, she had told several lies on the death of my brother.

Live tortoise on the neck“At one breath, she said it was heart attack arising from office stress; at another, she said she was a cultist and that it was the holy water she splashed on him that killed him. Only yesterday she finally confessed that she killed him because of anger. My questions are: Who helped her lift up the body from the floor to the bed because the confession of her son Tunde, whom she had from a previous marriage and brought to my brother’s house at age two, revealed that he met his dad on the floor? Again, who helped her to change his night dress and put the red robe on him; hanged a live tortoise on his neck and those other charms in a bag; who brought them in?
“Why was she watching TV downstairs after the death of her husband because her son told us that when he was woken up from sleep that early morning as a result of the sharp noise, he ran down stair only to behold her mum watching TV. Why was the guard given days off before the death of my brother? Who helped her clean up the mess in the room and why did she only call and inform neigbours on Saturday for something that happened about 4.00am on Friday morning? And I ask again, why did she call the office manager to collect huge sums of money and told him to tell other staff that the company was relocating to Ghana and that they should all resign and hand over documents to her latest on Saturday, why? Do all these posers not tell you that somebody premeditated something? I leave the rest to the police.”
Confirming the story, the Police Public Relations Officer, Mr. Samuel Jinadu, said the suspect has been transferred to the SCID Panti, Yaba, for further interrogation adding that she would be paraded before pressmen at the end of investigation. He said: “That was callous, I understand that the woman has been transferred to the SCID for further interrogation. Definitely, she will be paraded before the press at the end of investigation.” (Vanguard)
Wife Kills Husband! She Says He's a Cultist

« posted : September 23, 2011, 06:38:17 PM (3 months ago) »
________________________________________
My husband was die-hard cultist, insists killer-wife

THOUGH remorseful of her dastardly act, Mrs. Ngozi Ademoye has maintained that her late husband, Kazeem, was a die-hard cultist.

She said the fight between them that eventually led to his death arose from her insistence that he should renounce cultism.

The Delta State born mother of three who is still being held at the State Criminal Investigation Department, SCID, Panti, revealed to family members and close friends of her late husband led by a Lagos high chief, Paul Olusegun Da Coasta, the Bobajaiye of Lagos who visited her at police custody that when she recently discovered that her husband was a cultist, she made frantic efforts to make him renounce it without success.


*Late Ademoye (2nd right) with his relations during the burial of their late father

She said she approached her pastor who prayed over a bottle of water with an instruction to always sprinkle some quantity all over the house, especially before bedtime.

According to sources, prior to that fateful Friday, Mrs. Ademoye had surreptitiously entered her husband’s secret room where she discovered a black box containing huge sums of money, names of some people including her’s, a red robe and several charms. Vanguard was told that upon this strange discovery, a fearful Ngozi sprinkled the holy water on the box and dashed out of the room.

It was further gathered that when her late husband returned Thursday night, he discovered that somebody had entered his room adding that a mild quarrel between husband and wife ensued following which the wife ran into her room for safety.

However, sources said trouble started at about 4.00am when late Kazeem was allegedly chanting some incantations which woke his wife up. And wanting to confirm her curiosity, she was said to have armed herself with the holy water and forced herself into the room where she beheld her husband in a red robe with a goat-like horn smeared with blood and other obscene substances and she raised alarm and started pouring the water on him.


The red robe, tortoise and the bag containing alleged cult materials

The late husband was said to have jumped at her, held her hair and was pulling it very hard. But when she eventually freed herself from the grip, she reportedly ran and picked up an electrical apparatus identified as an Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS), hit it hard on her husband at a time he bent to pick an undisclosed object.

She said: “After hitting him twice, he still struggled up, held my neck as if to strangle me but he slumped with blood profusely gushing out.

Out of fear, I ran out having locked the door against him. I think he bled to death because when the fight happened, I called his younger brother, Kunle who did not come until about 7. 00am. Together, we entered his room only to discover that he was stone dead.

Both of us pulled off the cult uniform and wore him a much better dress. It was even both of us that went to Ikorodu to get an ambulance which conveyed him to the morgue. I did not know that, that the electrical apparatus can cause his death. Again, I locked the door to prevent people from seeing him clad in that cult dress and protect family name.”

Unfounded bunch of lies

Reacting to Ngozi’s confession, Chief Da Coasta who named Messrs Captain Victor Aigbokhan (rtd) and Aroyole as those who accompanied him for the midnight visit at the police custody queried why the killer-wife had to initially cover up her criminal act with unfounded bunch of lies. He said: “My query is that why did she initially lie to us, why?

First, she said her husband died of heart attack as a result of office stress. Later, she said it was the holy water she sprinkled on him that killed him and so many other lies. Though the dead man cannot talk, from what I have heard, it was a fight between the two which eventually resulted in death.

“I even went further to question who helped her to lift the UPS she said she lifted with her two hands and hit him on the head when he attempted to pick up something to hit her; and unfortunately it was the edge of the UPS that went to hit his skull.

And when the police went to fetch the electrical gadget, it was smeared with blood and his hair. She complicated her case with the initial lies.”
A 25-year old pregnant housewife, Nike Simoen, in the early hours of Saturday allegedly caused the death of her husband, Garba Ibrahim, 40, at Omu-Aran, Irepodun council area of Kwara.
It was learnt that the wife, who lived about 500 metres away from her welder husband, went to the deceased’s house around 5.30 am to demand for money to buy baby wears for their about-to-be-delivered baby.
An eyewitness, Adewale Adeoye, said that the woman was not pleased with the N3,000 her husband gave her and an argument started.
“The incident happened around 5: 30 a.m. and the shouting from Garba’s room woke us up at our Iraba Compound.
“The woman is carrying Garba’s pregnancy, though she had been married to two other men in the past.
“On that fateful day, she went to Garba’s house to demand for money to buy ‘mother-care’ for their unborn child and the husband gave her N3, 000, which she rejected.
“Nike held Garba’s shirt at the neck and immediately, the man fell down and died”, he said.
A source said that the deceased was buried in the evening of the same day, while the wife was taken to the Omu-Aran Police station for interrogation.
Members of the deceased’s family, however, declined comment when visited.
Also, the Police Public Relations Officer for Kwara, ASP Daboh Ezekiel, said on phone that the state command had not been briefed on the incident. (NAN)
Women Sent Assassins To Kill Her Husband In Lagos (Read 399 times)
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For 43-year-old Vincent Omeje, this was not what he bargained for when he tied the knots with his wife, Chidera twelve years ago. The Nsukka, Enugu State- born trader was attacked by five armed men who stormed his apartment at No. 10, Awka-Etiti Street, Comfort Obot, Kirikiri, Lagos and gave him a beaten of his life. In fact, his attackers left him to die from serious injuries he sustained thereafter.

He was however lucky as his they left him when they thought he was dead. Shockingly, the man who led the five armed attackers to his home, was the younger brother to his wife, and he allegedly ordered his goons to snuff life out of his in-law.

Narrating his ordeal to Crime Guard from his hospital bed, Mr. Omeje said; “It started early this month when I returned from a trip to Abuja and when I got home, I discovered that my wife had allowed her siblings into our home and they were not ready to leave any sooner.

After waiting for some days for them to pack and leave back to their homes, I realized that they were not even ready to go. So, I was left with no other option than to ask them to leave.

But that wasn’t quite easy, my wife and her sisters started raining all manners of abuses and profanities on me. Their father also called in from the village threatening to deal with me even if I ran to Nsukka, my home town. I sent my in-laws away because they didn’t tell me before coming to my house and it was improper for them to jump into my house with out my consent.

But while I was still dealing with these issues, my wife’s younger brother, Ogechi Erigbue, called and asked how he could see me. I told him I was on my way home and he should meet me there if he wants to see me.

When I got home, he called again, I told him I was home and he could come. Then he came and sat in the sitting room and when I met him and I asked what he wanted, surprisingly, he told me to my face that he was sent by his parents and siblings to deal with me.

Before I could ask what their reason was, about five men jumped into my apartment and immediately one of them holding a machete struck it at my face and I slumped on the ground, and blood was gushing out furiously from my face.”

Continuing he said; “These people did not stop at that, they kept on hitting me with the machete all over my body and my little daughter who was the only one at home was crying seriously.

When they continued with the beating, even while I was on the ground, I pretended as if I was dead and I laid still. They felt satisfied and ran away. When I was sure they had gone, I crawled out of my apartment and started shouting for help. Some neighbors who heard my voice ran out and offered some assistance.

First they took me to the police station, where I made my report and later on, they brought me to the hospital.

And while in the hospital, I was told that my wife came to check if I was still alive and she went home and called her brother, informing him that I was still alive and he should leave the state immediately.
I was also told that she had changed all the keys in our shop where we sell food stuffs and she also hired vehicle to park away all our properties from my house. However, the Police at Kirikiri swung into action and succeeded in arresting her.

They also were able to stop them from making use of the towing van she intended using to remove my car. This is not the first time I have been attacked by either my wife or her siblings. We have been married for over 12 years and we have three children.

But my wife and her siblings have always wanted me dead because of the progress in our business. I am sure she had planned to eliminate me so that she and her siblings will take over all our properties. All her siblings have no means of livelihood

. They all depend solely on her. Even my brother in-law who led the attackers into my house also does not have a job. Sincerely, I was tired of all this and I needed to put a stop to it. That alone has made them attack me severally”.

Meanwhile, police sources at the kirikiri station, told Crime Guard that they have arrested the wife, Chidera Omeje.

According to sources, “we started trailing her after we got the report. We went to her shop and discovered that she had locked it with a new key and we also learnt that she was trying to park out of the house with her properties and the husband’s car. We laid siege around the house and succeeded in arresting her.”


Read more: http://www.theinfostrides.com/index.php?PHPSESSID=19bb2c34bf4acac27c085e4d0e03c6b8&topic=31218.0#ixzz1il3DtuVr
10 NOVEMBER 2011 00:00
CAJETAN MMUTA, BENIN
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Operatives of the Edo State police command are working to unravel how a middle aged man, Mr. Daniel Iyamu, an actor, was allegedly killed by his wife, Grace, in Benin, the state capital. Iyamu was said to have died in his sleep at their Agonse Street, Ugbihoko residence in Egor North East Local Government.
He was found dead in the morning when neighbours forced the door open.

It was learnt that his wife had allegedly used a pestle to snuff life out of her unsuspecting hubby who until his untimely death was a renowned entertainer.

Grace is already undergoing interrogation on her alleged involvement in his death.

She was reported to have made a statement to the police that she allegedly hit her husband with a pestle which inflicted deep injuries on him, leading to his death.

The suspected wife was found unconscious in one of the living rooms in the house but was later revived by policemen before they took her away to their station.

Aggrieved members of the public had threatened to lynch her but were prevented by the timely arrival of policemen.

A source close to the family stated that his children had wailed for assistance by neighbours when it became obvious that their father was yet to wake up from sleep at 10a.m.

The suspicion prompted people within the family house to break open the door to the room where he had slept the previous night.

The Nigerian Compass gathered that injuries were found on his head which suggested that he might have been hit on the head while asleep.

The late actor’s daughter, who gave her name as Faith and a student of the Federal Polytechnic, Auchi, told journalists that their mother has been suffering from suspected mental illness which their father has been treating since 2010.

The police Acting Public Relations Officer (PPRO) of the state command, ASP Ahwara Ejiroro, when contacted, confirmed the incident.


By Anne Edo

THE residents of number one Agonse Street, Ugbihoko quarters in Egor North East Local Government Council of Edo State, were thrown into confusion recently when they heard about the death of a popular Benin actor, Daniel Iyamu.
The lifeless body of Iyamu was discovered by his children who raised an alarm that morning.
He was alleged to have been murdered by his wife.
According to the children, Iyamu had gone to bed hale and hearty the previous night and as such, the children did not suspect anything until about 10 a.m. when they decided to wake him up.
After several knocks on the door and there was no response they started screaming for help, which attracted the attention of their neighbours who immediately broke the door only to find Iyamu dead with injuries on his head.
The injuries found on his head, however, seemed to suggest that he might have been hit with a dangerous weapon.
Grace Iyamu, the late actor’s wife, who was found unconscious in another room, after she had allegedly hit her husband with a pestle that killed him.
Grace was, however, revived by the police after which she was arrested.
Faith Iyamu, one of the actor’s children and a student of Federal Polytechnic, Auchi, who spoke amidst tears, told The Moment on Sunday that their mother’s action must have been caused by her suspected mental illness, which their father had been treating since last year.
When contacted, Ahwara Ejiroro, an Assistant Superintendent of Police and the acting Police Public Relations Officer, (PPRO), Edo State Police Command, confirmed the incident and said further details would be released soon.
A 25-year old pregnant housewife, Nike Simoen, in the early hours of Saturday allegedly caused the death of her husband, Garba Ibrahim, 40, at Omu-Aran, Irepodun council area of Kwara.
It was learnt that the wife, who lived about 500 metres away from her welder husband, went to the deceased’s house around 5.30 am to demand for money to buy baby wears for their about-to-be-delivered baby.
An eyewitness, Adewale Adeoye, said that the woman was not pleased with the N3,000 her husband gave her and an argument started.
“The incident happened around 5: 30 a.m. and the shouting from Garba’s room woke us up at our Iraba Compound.
“The woman is carrying Garba’s pregnancy, though she had been married to two other men in the past.
“On that fateful day, she went to Garba’s house to demand for money to buy ‘mother-care’ for their unborn child and the husband gave her N3, 000, which she rejected.
“Nike held Garba’s shirt at the neck and immediately, the man fell down and died”, he said.
A source said that the deceased was buried in the evening of the same day, while the wife was taken to the Omu-Aran Police station for interrogation.
Members of the deceased’s family, however, declined comment when visited.
Also, the Police Public Relations Officer for Kwara, ASP Daboh Ezekiel, said on phone that the state command had not been briefed on the incident. (NAN)

Hadiza Afegbua, Pregnant Wife, Shoots Husband To Death
By Staff K 30/12/2011 14:11:00
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Hadiza Afegbua, yesterday December 28th, was arrested by police at Utako Division, Abuja, for the murder of her husband, Ibrahim Abutu. Ibrahim was killed in the Parakou Crescent home he shared with Hadiza and their child at Wuse II, Abuja, yesterday morning.
When police arrived at the couple’s residence, Hadiza told them she was in the kitchen when she heard a gun shot and rushed towards the direction, only to find her husband shot. She and a few neighbors rushed him to the hospital where he eventually died.
Then the man’s family went to police with their story.
According to the family of late Ibrahim Abudu, Hadiza allegedly used a double barrel gun in shooting her husband in cold blood, supposedly over his plans to marry a second wife. He’s Muslim.
The police recovered a gun from the scene of the incident and an autopsy will be carried out on the corpse in order to unravel the cause of his death. Hadiza is still in police custody while investigations are ongoing.

Domestic violence, also known as domestic abuse, spousal abuse, battering, family violence, and intimate partner violence (IPV), is broadly defined as a pattern of abusive behaviors by one or both partners in an intimate relationship such as marriage, dating, family, or cohabitation.[1] Domestic violence, so defined, has many forms, including physical aggression or assault (hitting, kicking, biting, shoving, restraining, slapping, throwing objects), or threats thereof; sexual abuse; emotional abuse; controlling or domineering; intimidation; stalking; passive/covert abuse (e.g., neglect); and economic deprivation.[1][2] Alcohol consumption[3] and mental illness[4] can be co-morbid with abuse, and present additional challenges in eliminating domestic violence. Awareness, perception, definition and documentation of domestic violence differs widely from country to country, and from era to era.
Domestic violence and abuse isn't limited to obvious physical violence. Domestic violence can also mean endangerment, criminal coercion, kidnapping, unlawful imprisonment, trespassing, harassment, and stalking.[5]
Contents
[hide]
• 1 Definitions
o 1.1 Government definitions
• 2 Dynamics classification
o 2.1 Intimate partner violence types
o 2.2 Other
• 3 Forms of domestic violence
o 3.1 Physical
o 3.2 Sexual
o 3.3 Emotional
o 3.4 Verbal
o 3.5 Economic
• 4 Effects
o 4.1 On children
o 4.2 Physical
o 4.3 Psychological
o 4.4 Financial
o 4.5 Long-term
o 4.6 On responders
 4.6.1 Vicarious trauma
 4.6.2 Burnout
• 5 Cause
o 5.1 Psychological
o 5.2 Jealousy
o 5.3 Behavioral
o 5.4 Social theories
 5.4.1 Resource theory
 5.4.2 Social stress
 5.4.3 Social learning theory
 5.4.4 Power and control
o 5.5 Mental illness
o 5.6 Gender aspects of abuse
 5.6.1 Violence against women
 5.6.2 Violence against men
 5.6.3 Same-sex relationships
o 5.7 Marital conflict disorder
• 6 Cycle of abuse
• 7 Management
o 7.1 Medical response
 7.1.1 Duluth model
o 7.2 Law enforcement
o 7.3 Counseling for person affected
 7.3.1 Lethality assessment
 7.3.2 Safety planning
o 7.4 Counseling for offenders
o 7.5 Prevention and intervention
• 8 Domestic violence and pregnancy
• 9 Prognosis
• 10 Epidemiology
• 11 History
• 12 See also
• 13 References
• 14 Bibliography
• 15 Further reading
• 16 External links

[edit] Definitions
According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary definition, domestic violence is: "the inflicting of physical injury by one family or household member on another; also: a repeated or habitual pattern of such behavior."[6]
The term "intimate partner violence" (IPV) is often used synonymously with domestic abuse/domestic violence. Family violence is a broader definition, often used to include child abuse, elder abuse, and other violent acts between family members.[7] Wife abuse, wife beating, and battering are descriptive terms that have lost popularity recently for at least two reasons:
• There is acknowledgment that many victims are not actually married to the abuser, but rather cohabiting or in other arrangements.[8]
• Abuse can take other forms than physical abuse. Other forms of abuse may be constantly occurring, while physical abuse happens occasionally.
• Males as well as females are victims of domestic violence.
These other forms of abuse have the potential to lead to mental illness, self-harm, and even attempts at suicide.[9][10]
[edit] Government definitions
The U. S. Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) defines domestic violence as a "pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner". The definition adds that domestic violence "can happen to anyone regardless of race, age, sexual orientation, religion, or gender", and can take many forms, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional, economic, and psychological abuse.[11]
The Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service in the United Kingdom in its "Domestic Violence Policy" uses domestic violence to refer to a range of violent and abusive behaviours, defining it as:
Patterns of behaviour characterised by the misuse of power and control by one person over another who are or have been in an intimate relationship. It can occur in mixed gender relationships and same gender relationships and has profound consequences for the lives of children, individuals, families and communities. It may be physical, sexual, emotional and/or psychological. The latter may include intimidation, harassment, damage to property, threats and financial abuse.[12]
[edit] Dynamics classification
Violence by a person against their intimate partner is often done as a way for controlling their partner, even if this kind of violence is not the most frequent.[13] Many types of intimate partner violence occur, including violence between gay and lesbian couples,[14] and by women against their male partners.[15]
[edit] Intimate partner violence types
Michael P. Johnson argues for three major types of intimate partner violence, which is supported by subsequent research and evaluation.[16][17][18][19] as well as independent researchers.[20][21][22]
Distinctions are made among the types of violence, motives of perpetrators, and the social and cultural context based upon patterns across numerous incidents and motives of the perpetrator. Types of violence identified by Johnson:[15][23][24][25]
• Common couple violence (CCV) is not connected to general control behavior, but arises in a single argument where one or both partners physically lash out at the other.
• Intimate terrorism (IT) may also involve emotional and psychological abuse. Intimate terrorism is one element in a general pattern of control by one partner over the other. Intimate terrorism is less common than common couple violence, more likely to escalate over time, not as likely to be mutual, and more likely to involve serious injury.[15][24][26][27][28][29] IT batterers include two types: "Generally-violent-antisocial" and "dysphoric-borderline". The first type includes men with general psychopathic and violent tendencies. The second type are men who are emotionally dependent on the relationship.[15][30] Support for this typology has been found in subsequent evaluations.[31][32]
• Violent resistance (VR), sometimes thought of as "self-defense", is violence perpetrated by victims against their abusive partners.[24][30][33][34][35]
• Mutual violent control (MVC) is rare type of intimate partner violence occurs when both partners act in a violent manner, battling for control.[15][36]
Types of male batterers identified by Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart (1994) include "family-only", which primarily fall into the CCV type, who are generally less violent and less likely to perpetrate psychological and sexual abuse.[37]
[edit] Other
Others, such as the US Centers for Disease Control, divide domestic violence into two types: reciprocal violence, in which both partners are violent, and non-reciprocal violence, in which one partner is violent.[citation needed]
[edit] Forms of domestic violence
All forms of domestic abuse have one purpose: to gain and maintain control over the victim. Abusers use many tactics to exert power over their spouse or partner: dominance, humiliation, isolation, threats, intimidation, denial and blame.[38]
[edit] Physical
Main article: Physical abuse


Kalighat Painting, "Woman Striking Man With Broom," Calcutta, India, 1875
Physical abuse is abuse involving contact intended to cause feelings of intimidation, pain, injury, or other physical suffering or bodily harm.
Physical abuse includes hitting, slapping, punching, choking, pushing, burning and other types of contact that result in physical injury to the victim. Physical abuse can also include behaviors such as denying the victim of medical care when needed, depriving the victim of sleep or other functions necessary to live, or forcing the victim to engage in drug/alcohol use against his/her will. If a person is suffering from any physical harm then they are experiencing physical abuse. This pain can be experienced on any level.[39] It can also include inflicting physical injury onto other targets, such as children or pets, in order to cause psychological harm to the victim.[40]
[edit] Sexual
Main articles: Sexual abuse and Marital rape
Sexual abuse is any situation in which force or threat is used to obtain participation in unwanted sexual activity. Coercing a person to engage in sex, against their will, even if that person is a spouse or intimate partner with whom consensual sex has occurred, is an act of aggression and violence.
Sexual violence is defined by World Health Organization as:
• any sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, unwanted sexual comments or advances, or acts to traffic, or otherwise directed, against a person’s sexuality using coercion, by any person regardless of their relationship to the victim, in any setting, including but not limited to home and work.[41]
Marital rape, also known as spousal rape, is non-consensual sex in which the perpetrator is the victim's spouse. As such, it is a form of partner rape, of domestic violence, and of sexual abuse. In the US spousal rape is illegal in all 50 states.[42][43] Formerly in Canada the rape statute was inadequate and did not include marital rape. In 1983 Canada changed the rape statute to sexual assault and provided for protection for male and female victims and included marital rape.[44]
Categories of sexual abuse include:
1. Use of physical force to compel a person to engage in a sexual act against his or her will, whether or not the act is completed;
2. Attempted or completed sex act involving a person who is unable to understand the nature or condition of the act, unable to decline participation, or unable to communicate unwillingness to engage in the sexual act, e.g., because of underage immaturity, illness, disability, or the influence of alcohol or other drugs, or because of intimidation or pressure.
[edit] Emotional
Main article: Emotional abuse
Emotional abuse (also called psychological abuse or mental abuse) can include humiliating the victim privately or publicly, controlling what the victim can and cannot do, withholding information from the victim, deliberately doing something to make the victim feel diminished or embarrassed, isolating the victim from friends and family, implicitly blackmailing the victim by harming others when the victim expresses independence or happiness, or denying the victim access to money or other basic resources and necessities. Degradation in any form can be considered psychological abuse.
Emotional abuse can include verbal abuse and is defined as any behavior that threatens, intimidates, undermines the victim’s self-worth or self-esteem, or controls the victim’s freedom.[45] This can include threatening the victim with injury or harm, telling the victim that they will be killed if they ever leave the relationship, and public humiliation. Constant criticism, name-calling, and making statements that damage the victim’s self-esteem are also common verbal forms of emotional abuse. Often perpetrators will use children to engage in emotional abuse by teaching them to harshly criticize the victim as well.[46] Emotional abuse includes conflicting actions or statements which are designed to confuse and create insecurity in the victim